What is the major cause of special disorientation in pilots?

Orientation illusion is a significant factor in special disorientation for pilots because it occurs when there is a discrepancy between the pilot's physical sensations and visual cues. This can happen in various flight conditions, especially in low visibility or cloudy weather, where pilots may not be able to rely on outside references for spatial orientation. The brain can misinterpret signals from the inner ear, which senses balance and movement, leading to a false perception of the aircraft's position, speed, or direction.

Understanding the impact of orientation illusions is crucial for pilots, as they can lead to misjudgment during critical phases of flight, such as takeoff, landing, or navigating through challenging weather. Awareness of this phenomenon reinforces the importance of instrument training and reliance on cockpit instruments rather than solely on physical sensations, which can be misleading in certain flight conditions.